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Spaldings Athletic Library 




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S 1' A I, 1> I N G ' S A r n I. K TIC L I H R A R Y 

WATER POLO 



1?Y 

GUS SUNDSTROM 

Swimming Instructor, New York Athletic Club 



# 



A. book treating every detail of the game. Individual 

work of the players. The practice of a team. How 

to tlirow the ball — with illustrations. Latest 

scientific dodging tactics. Hints for the 

referee. Rules of the indoor game. 

Rules of the outdoor game. 



ri'lU.lSllll) HV lUE 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 

I^ WARREN SrREET, NEW YORK. 



G 



LIBRARY of CONGWksf 

Two Copies Received 

MAY 17 1904 

Cepyrlffht Entry 

CLASS t^ XXc. No. 

COPY 



^b1 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1901, bf 

The American Sports Pi'blishing Company. 
tn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wa&hingtoa 



SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 



INTRODUCTION 

The game of water polo lias perhaps done more during recent years 
to popularize and to cause an interest to be taken in swimming than 
any other branch of aipiatic sport. It is essentially a game for swim- 
mers, and one that atTt)rds ample opportunity for the exhibition of 
skill and the development of staying power. Its practice tends to 
improve the speed of all those who participate in the pastime, as well 
as to inculcate in the minds of its followers good ideas as to the liest 
methods of obtaining command over themselves in the water. In 
long-distance swims only one style of swimming is, as a rule, adopted, 
but in water polo the rapid changes of position which are necessary 
compel players to constantly alter their style. This is in itself a 
beneficial phase of the game, and one which teaches a swimmer how 
complete may become his power. 

It was not for this reason, as may be easily imagined, that the 
fame was tirst prc)moted, but merely for the purpose of providing 
something new and attractive in aquatic sports; and with this view, 
on May 12, 1S70, a committee was appointed by the London Swim- 
ming Association, to draw up a code of rules for the management of 
the game of " foot ball in the water." Prior to 1S70, various attempts 
were made by individual swimmers to arrange some kind of ball game 
in the water, and at many entertainments and swimming matches 
what was termed "water handball" was played, the sides usually 
consisting of not more than three players. 

There were a few matches played in 1S76, but it is ditticult to 
obtain definite particulars, as but few of them were reported. The 
Rowing Club at Bournemouth, England, played in that year, and it 
is interesting to note that these almost prehistoric games were played 
at a time when most of the present exponents were in the nursery or 
at school. A newspaper of that period contains the information that 



4 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

the Bournemouth Premier Rowing Club carried out the "first series 
of aquatic hand ball matches " on Thursday, July 13, 1876, off the 
pier. Curiously enough, there were seven competitors on each side, 
and the "goals were marked by four flags, moored at the west of the 
pier, fifty yards apart." After a " severe struggle," the ball ])urst; 
but the players, nothing daunted, and " properly habited, displayed 
their aquatic accomplishments for some time." A week later, so 
another newspaper cutting informs us, " twelve members of the club 
proceeded in rowing galleys, and took up a position near their goals, 
which were marked out by flags describing an oblong of sixty yards 
by forty yards. All being ready, an India-rubber ball, evidently the 
inside of an ordinary foot ball, was placed in the centre between the 
parties, and a signal given, upon which both crews sprang with com- 
mendable agility from their galleys and struck out for the ball of con- 
tention." The report goes on to describe the battle, one player "got 
a lucky hit which sent the ball back from his goal several yards, and 
it seemed as if his crew were, for a time, to have their own way;" but 
a player on the other side, "who, instead of jumping in with his party, 
in the first instance, remained at his goal as backstock, now plunged 
in and reinforced his crew, who, after a short but obdurate tussle, 
turned the tide again in their favor. Again the ball burst, and, 
another not being forthcoming, the game was suspended." In these 
games it is amusing to note the length of the play, the size of the 
goals, the thin rubber ball that could not last through the severe 
castigation it received, and the term " backstock," evidently coined 
from the writer's own imagination. 

In the year 1877, before the annual competitions of the Bon Accord 
Club, which were to be held on the river Dee, the president of the 
club asked William Wilson, of Glasgow, whether the monotony of 
racing could not be varied by the institution of a game or competition 
which would amuse the spectators? The suggestion was acted upon : 
Mr. Wilson drew up a set of rules for a water game, termed " aquatic 
foot ball," and play took place from bank to bank at the Bon Accord 
festival. In the previous year Mr. Wilson drew up some rules for 
the Aberdeen Club. Later in the same year, the Victoria baths and 
the West of Scotland clubs played a game at the opening of the 
former club's natatorium. In October of the same year the rules were 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 5 

.evi.ed, and a competition extending over two "f -;- ^^f <''^;; 
Paisley batlis between the West of Scotland and Pa,sley clubs the 
' ^/eat the .ules were a.a.n revised lot the Ca.neg. Cinb W 
after this the West of Scotland paid some attention to the game 
There were no goal-posts at first, the ball having to be played between 
two ltd flags placed eight or ten feet apart, and the game was merely 
Iro gh and n,lle scramble from end to end of the fie d o p ay^ 
Keen followers of the sport soon began to recogn.ze that h. new 
game if properly developed, wotrld prove of tmmense serv.ce to the 
chbs'in general, and they consulted together as to poss.ble rmprove- 
:n:s: 'This ^to the adoption "i ^^^-Po^^^ ^^f^^^"^^^^ 
at foot ball, and under these new condrfons, .n October, 879. at he 
first costume swimming entertainment ever held ,n Glasgow the 
ture of the meeting was a match between '"e West of Scot and 
and Clyde clubs, the teams consisting of seven players on each s.de_ 
Duck.ng was not prohibited, but standing on the bottom of the bath 
or throwing the ball with both hands was not allowed. 

By this time the English clubs had begun to play a crude st le o 
eame the Birnringham Leander, which was founded nt 1877, and he 
BuTon-on-Trent Imateur Club, started the following year, be.ng the 
first to adopt the new ball game as a club pastime. 

There were no printed rules. The game was played w.th a snral 
India-rubber hand ball, about four or five inches rn d.ameter. The 
goals were at the ends of the bath, and the goal keeper ^'°o<l o" 'he 
side; sometimes the captain ordered two goal-keepers accord ng to 
he ;idth of the bath. The teams stood at the errds, and the bal was 
town into the centre. In those days the water was not over clean 
an Uhe favorite trick was to place the ball inside hrs ttghts, and 
!wim to the other end, under water. The mode of sconng was to 
p ace the ball on the end of the bath with both hands the forwards 
riltimes nearly having their neck broken by the goal-keeper jump- 
ing on the top of them, and at other times when tryrng to score the 
goal-keeper would lay hold of their hands and the ball, and drag 
them out of the water. 

Match teams in 1879. consisted of about nine to a stde. 1 he 
Dudley Swimming Club began playing Henley about that year, and a 
season or two later the positions were taken after the Assocat.on 



6 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Foot Ball system. In 1S79, the width of the goals was limited to 
fourteen feet. 

In June, 18S3, a special match was arranged between Leander and 
All-England, the latter winning by one goal to nothing. 

In the following year, England, captained by G. R. Bettinson 
(Regent), again beat Birmingham Leander by two goals to nothing, 
and in 1SS5 defeated the Midland Counties Amateur Swimming 
Association by two touchdowns to nothing. The following rules were 
observed : 

Rule i. Duration of game, twenty minutes. 

Rule 2. Captains to agree or toss for choice of goals. 

Rule 3. At the commencement of play, referee to throw the ball 
into centre of course. All players shall then enter water immediately, 
except goal-keeper on either side. Goal-keeper may remain out and 
defend his goal a.i he may think best. 

Rule 4. Ball may be passed from one player to another, and car- 
ried either on or below surface to goal. 

Rule 5. No player to interfere with goal-keeper, either in or ou. 
of the water, or hold his opponents any way, unless such goal-keeper, 
or opponents, are in possession of the ball. In case of any player in- 
fringing this rule, a free throw to be at once given to his opponents 
from place where foul occurred. 

Ritle 6. A goal to be obtained by ball being taken up by hand 
and fairly placed on floating stage, or boat provided for that purpose. 

Rule 7. If, during play, ball goes out of course at side, referee 
shall immediately throw in same straight from where it goes it; but 
if it goes out over or upon floating stage or boat, it shall immediately 
be taken up and thrown into play by goal-keeper upon stage or boat. 

Rule 8. Umpires, or one of them, shall blow whistle immediately 
after a goal has been obtained, and play shall cease from that 
moment. 

Rule 9. Teams to change goals at half time. 

Rule 10. Should any competitor who has been selected to take 
part in polo match fail to engage in same, he shall forfeit all prizes 
that at time of holding such match he may have already won at this 
festival, as well as any he may afterwards become entitled to in con- 
nection with same. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7 

Rule ii. Power given to umpires, or, in case of dispute, to 
referee, to decide all circumstances not provided for by these rules. 

A glance at these rules will show that they were most primitive in 
conception, especially Rule lo, and very simple as compared with 
those at present in vogue. Although very simple they nearly led to a 
fatal accident at Portsmouth, because it was necessary, in order to 
obtain a goal, for the team to press down in full force with one of 
the players holding the ball, the rest of his team closing round him 
so as to prevent the ball being secured by the opposing side. The 
ball was not allowed to be thrown, the players having to swim with 
it in their hands, or push it in front of them The occasion on which 
Mr. J. L. Mayger— a well known Rugby foot bailer— nearly lost 
his life was in the second match between England and Birmingham 
Leander. A fierce struggle took place near the Leander goal, which 
was a heavy pontoon moored against the side of a gunboat. The 
tide was flowing in that direction, and Mr. Mayger, who was playing 
for England, was in a scrimmage pushed beneath the surface and 
under the pontoon. The rest of the swimmers, in their frantic efforts 
to gain a goal, prevented him from getting clear. It was only when 
nearly insensible that his rescue was effected. 

In the meantime an attempt had been made by Mr. \V. Henry to 
induce the English Association, then styled the Swimming Association - 
of Great Britain, to recognize the game, and to formulate a set of 
rules for general use among the clubs, as certain individual clubs 
were making rules of their own. No support was accorded to the 
proposition, and, as a matter of fact, only the proposer and seconder 
voted in favor of it. The Midlanders were, however, keen on the 
subject, and on May 20, 1884, a meeting of the clubs in the district 
was keld at Burton-on-Trent, and a resolution to the effect that a 
Midland Counties Swimming and Aquatic Foot Ball Association be 
formed, the chief object being the promotion of the game of water 
polo in the Midlands. This decidetl action induced the Swimming 
Association of Great Britain lo reconsider their determination, and in 
1885 they passed a set of rules and recognized the game under their 
jurisdiction. 

Very little progress was made until the end of 1SS7, as the English 
governing body was, during the years 1SS4, 1SS5 and 1SS6, engaged 



8 Spalding's athletic library. 

in perpetual wrangles as to the meaning of the amateur definition, 
but early in i8S8 a committee was appointed, consisting of T. Young 
(Richmond), H. G. Hackell and \V. Henry, to revise the laws and 
compile a set of conditions for water polo championships. Their re- 
port, presented in April, 1808, was unanimously adopted. The new 
laws provided that goal-posts eight feet -wide, with a cross-bar six 
feet above the surface of the water, and fixed at least one foot from 
the end of the bath, should be used, and that the player should be 
actually swimming when passing or playing the ball. For the first 
English Championship the entries were not numerous, but this 
was only to be expected, as the expenses of traveling had to be borne 
by the individual players, who, in most cases, were mere youths, not 
over-burdened with cash. Swimming cannot, by reason of the lack 
of accommodation for spectators at baths, be made to pay sufficiently 
well to defray the cost of visiting teams traveling long distances, 
and the burden therefore falls upon the club which happens to be un- 
successful in the draw for choice of venue. 

After the decision of the preliminary rounds, the Otter, Tadpole 
and Nautilus (London), and the Burton-on-Trent Amateur Clubs were 
left in the semi-final round. Nautilus was defeated by Burton by one 
goal to nothing, and as the Tadpole scratched, the famous Otter and 
the crack Midland combination were left in for the final. They met 
at the Lambeth baths, the game ending in an easy win for the Mid- 
landers. So resulted the first English water polo championship. 

Meanwhile the Scotch clubs had been gradually improving. The 
Associated Swimming Clubs of Glasgow was formed, and a committee 
was formed to draft a set of rules for the proper government of the 
game, and a cup was presented for competition amongst the clubs. 
The contest was first decided in 1S86, and as none other of its char- 
acter was held in Scotland, it was to all intents and purposes the 
Scottish water polo championship, the wirning team being the old 
West of Scotland clul). 

The Irish swimming clubs at Dublin had two different sets of rules. 
That at Belfast was an amalgamation of English and Scotch rules, 
but those adopted by the Sandycove and Blackrock clubs of Dublin 
were totally different, the swimmers not being allowed to throw the 
ball at goal, but like the American tank rules of the present day, 



Spalding's athletic library. 9 

had to play it with hand on a painted mark at the end of the bath. 
The game was introduced into America in 1890, but there being no 
suitable outdoor baths, the rules were modified and altered to suit the 
tanks of athletic clubs and other swimming associations. While the 
American rules given here are in my opinion suitable for indoor water 
polo. I would advise all clubs who are desirous of indulging in the 
game in open water to adopt the English rules. 



e^ 



10 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE OPEN AIR GAME 

¥ 

In open water the field of play is larger, and the opportunities for 
•naking use of the swimming abilities and staying powers of a team 
are consequently greater. The boundaries should be marked out by 
means of floating buoys, with flags, the goal-posts being placed at 
each end of the field of play. They should not be more than thirty 
nor less than twenty yards apart. The width of the field of play is 
limited to twenty yards or less. It would be well to make the size of 
the field of play as large as the rules permit. For open water, a very 
ingenious yet easily made goal-post is used by the London (Eng.), 
Swimming League when on tour. It is light and portable, and a de- 
scription of it is given here. 

Take two boards about six inches wide, one inch thick, and ten feet 
six inches long, and place them parallel with each other about six inches 
apart, or else join two or three boards together. Then get two 
lengths of three-inch battening, two feet six inches long, and fix with 
thumb-screws across each end of the two parallel boards on the under 
side. This will make a floating platform eighteen inches wide, with 
two projecting crosspieces projecting one foot. Then to the extremity 
of the projecting pieces hinge two upright posts three feet three 
inches long, of similar battening, and fit a thin support to the outside 
of each upright and cross-piece by means of thumb-screws. To the 
'op of the upright fix the cross-be^:, also with thumb-screws. The 
.oss-bar must be as light as possible. It may be made out of a thin 
jatten three inches wide, one-half to five-eighth inch thick, and 
placed against the uprights with the small edge downwards, the top 
being level with the top of the uprights. By this method a goal-post 
ten feet wide and three feet high can be easily constructed, and as 
the whole of it can be taken asunder in a few minutes, its advantage 
will be apparent to all clubs who play in open water. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



II 




L.ofC. 



12 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

These posts can be fixed in position with bags of ballast, the ropes 
being fastened to each end of the goal-posts to keep them from swing- 
ing round. They should be thrown out as far as possible from each 
end. When playing in the sea, particular notice should be taken as 
to the direction in which the tide is flowing, as the posts should be 
fixed athwart the tide, otherwise the play is all at one end; that is, 
that toward which the tide is flowing. 



^ 



THE TANK GAME 

¥ 

While the open air game has its advantages, as previously described, 
the labor and trouble attendant on preparing a suitable contesting 
course, as well as the handicap of wind and current and the vagaries 
of the various bodies of water, all prevent the arrangement of as 
satisfactory a field to decide a game of water polo as the modern 
swimming pools throughout the country, it is certain that, for nearly 
all purposes, including the comfort of the spectators, who are at all 
times desirous of witnessing this exciting and interesting game, that 
contests decided indoors in a pool, will be found to be more satis- 
factory. 

INDIVIDUAL WORK OF THE PLAYERS 

¥ 

Owing to the ever-varying methods necessary to good play, regular 
practice is important. It must not merely consist of the mere tossing 
of the ball here and there, the arrangement of friendly matches or 
other impromptu scrimmages. A man who aspires to be an expert 
water poloist must devote considerable time to the study of the game. 
During the past few years the game has been far more scientifically 
played than it was at the outset. Up to 1888 the system prevalent 
was but an exhibition of brute strength. Dribbling, punting and 
passing the ball were things unknown, except in very rare cases. 

A good plan is to divide a team up as follows: goal, two backs, 
half-back and two forwards. The office of captain is a very important 
one. But it is hardly necessary to say that he must be well versed in 



Spalding's athletic library. 



13 




14 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

:he rules of the game, but also those of the competition in which his 
club may at the time be contending. He should organize regular 
and frequent practices, take careful note of the faults or merits of 
each individual player, and be careful that none of them, including 
himself, infringes the laws, or gives cause for complaint by another 
club. It is his duty to instruct and advise the players on all points of 
the game, to teach them what positions they should take up in rela- 
tion to each other so that the play of each of them may be effective, 
and to see that they do not leave their opponents free at any time for 
attack or defense. No selfishness in scoring should be allowed by 
him, and the urgent need of good combination plays should be fre- 
quently pointed out. Quick, short passing should be practiced rather 
than long shots, as to make a long shot effective one has to get into a 
certain position, and in doing so, time — an all important essential in 
a fast game — is lost. 

The swiftness with the ball and accuracy of throw of each player 
should be individually tested by the captain before the man is ad- 
mitted to the team. A player may have plenty of strength, but bad 
judgment in the use of it. Above all, absolute obedience to the cap- 
tain's signs or orders must be insisted upon. 

FORWARDS 

♦ 

The forwards must be good swimmers who can catch a ball, quickly 
judge distances, pass, dribble, and shoot strongly and accurately. 
One of them should take up a position either on the right or left of 
the opponent's goal, but outside the prescribed limit. The other 
should take the opposite side but be a little further away from the 
goal. Both should always be on the alert for the ball, but in place 
of holding it. should make quick, short passes to each other, the ball 
in all cases being passed to the side furthest away from goal, and 
never direct into the other's liantls, unless uncovered by the opposing 
back. If it be passed directly to a covered player, he will almost 
to a surety be tackled with it; whereas, if it be passed on the outside 



Spalding's athletic library. 



15 




l6 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

of him, he at once gets an opportunity, if he be a fast swimmer, of 
clearing himself from the cover. The forwards should always hold 
themselves ready for a quick stroke or two, so as to clear; but this 
ability will come by practice. When drihiiling the l)all the forwards 
should clear on the outside and pass rapidly if likely to be tackled 
by an opposing player. They should keep well up towards the 
opponent's goal. 

It is the duty of the forwards to keep free, as far as possible, from 
the opposing side, and, when a change has taken place, owing to their 
opponents' defense play, to get back to position as quick as possible. 
They should take care not to infringe the rule prohibiting a player 
from taking up a position within a yard of the opposing goal, and 
should also avoid placing themselves too far over to the side of the 
bath or field of play. When engaged in attacking, the opposing back 
should in this case be hard pressed, compelled in self-defence to con- 
cede a corner. 



HALF-BACKS 

¥ 

The half-back has the most onerous position on a team. With the 
forwards a certain amount of individual play is necessary, but a half- 
back must make combination the essential feature of his play. He 
must be ready to assist the attack at all times, and be as much in 
touch with his backs as possible. If he keep cool, he will prove of 
immense service to his side. The forwards should be well fed by 
him, and left to score when able. It is only by a bare chance that a 
half-back can score, and in good matches the attack is spoilt if the 
half-back, instead of passing, seltishly tries to make a goal. He 
should be a good swimmer, well able to dribble or punt, and throw 
or pass with either hand under any conditions. At the starting of the 
game either the half-back or one of the forwards should be told off 
by the captain according to speed — the fastest swimmer for prefer- 
ence — to sprint for the ball, and if he obtain possession to pass it 
back. If the centre forward be allottetl this duty, he should pass to 
the half-back and then swim to his position, while the forwards are 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



17 




i8 



SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



also taking up their places. If the half-back has to go for the ball, 
he should pass to his backs and return to his proper jdace, which is 
some two or three yards in advance of the backs. As soon as the 
l)acks receive the ball, it should be held until the forwards are up in 
position, and then passed to them. Upon the play of the half-back 
greatly depends the success of the team, and a clear-headed, sure and 
swift swimmer should be appointed to fill this post. He must by 
practice learn to know instinctively the place of every man in the 
team, must never stand, and always be ready to accept a pass, no 
matter how fast it may come. 

BACKS 

¥ 

The backs should take up a position near to their opponents' for- 
wards in order to prevent them from scoring, but they should never 
allow them to be between them and their own goal. They must 
closely watch them, and be ever ready to move rapidly when in 
danger. It is usual to appoint the heaviest men in the the team as 
backs, but judgment must of course be used as to their capabilities; 
because it is better to have a strong defense and a weak attack than a 
weak defense and a strong attack. This is particularly noticeable 
when the game is played in open water. The backs are very often 
called upon to save under very difficult circumstances, as when hard 
pressed by speedier swimmers than themselves, and thus it is very 
necessary that they should keep close watch of their opponents. 
They should be somewhat tactical, be alive to the necessity of giving 
away a corner, or of passing to their goal-keeper when the goal is in 
danger. They must be also capable of passing to one another, or 
else forward to the half-back. There must be no hesitation in their 
work. They should never leave their places after passing, or allow 
the opposing forwards to get away from them. Their passes should 
be short, so that the half-back may reach them easily. The work of 
the half back and backs should be so regular and combined that the 
forwards may place confidence in them. This will prevent the latter 
from leaving their own positions to assist in the defense. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 




SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

GOAL-KEEPER 



The position of goal-keeper is not eagerly sought after, and in 
many instances the post is given to a wretched swimmer. It is not 
difficult to find the reason of this. The goal-keeper has the cold and 
thankless task of keeping in one place during the game, and cannot 
exercise himself by swimming. Men who can swim well are chary of 
having the arduous task thrown on them of guarding the goal, which 
is made doubly difficult if the team lack combination. Notwithstand- 
ing this a good swimmer should be appointed, and one well able to 
float and support himself with his legs. To properly defend a goal 
requires skill, rapidity of action, keen judgment, quick and sure 
catching, and the ability to throw or punch out, immediately the ball 
comes, in a direction which will be of service to the side. If half a 
dozen forwards are put on for shooting practice, each with a ball, the 
goal-keeper's play will sensibly improve after a very short time, as he 
will thereby become accustomed to exercise judgment, and also quick- 
ness of sight. One thing which often happens to a goal-keeper is a 
sudden obscuration of sight after going under water. This ccn be at 
once remedied by rubbing the eyelids, and thus preventing the water 
remaining on the body from dropping over the eyes. To all players 
this hint may l)e of service. When likely to be tackled by the oppos- 
ing forwards the goal -keeper should pass out to the backs quickly. 
He must never get flurried, or a goal is certain to be scored against 
him. 

PRACTICE OF A TEAM 



If it be found impossible to obtain the assistance of friendly teams 
for practice games, or a second team from the club be not available, 
a good system of practice is that adopted by the leading combinations. 
Only one goal is used and only one-half of the tank necessary. The 
goal-keeper, backs, and half-back defend, while the forwards attack. 



22 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

The goal-keeper starts the practice by throwing the ball out, the 
others being in their positions as in the ordinary game. This 
should also be the procedure after the scoring of a goal. In many 
cases this is a better plan than having anotheT team from the club, 
because very often the second-rate i:ilayers insist upon having one or 
two of the first team in their ranks, and the practice, as far as the 
improvement of the combination is concerned, is spoilt. A referee 
should in all cases be appointed to see that the players conform to the 
rules. But it is only in practice matches that new trick-dodging 
tactics and other wrinkles of the up to date game can be learned. 
During the seasons of 1898 and 1899 the Knickerbocker Athletic 
Club team, then champions of America, introduced a few tricks 
which were not only original but effective. One of these when first 
attempted completely puzzled the opposing team. A player would 
hold the ball and force his way towards the rival goal-keeper, and 
just as he was almost within reach of him a player from his own side 
would jump on his shoulders and drive him to the bottom of the tank. 
All this time the player would hold on to the ball, and when at the 
bottom, would crawl to the spot directly beneath the goal, bob up of 
a sudden inside the goal-keeper and score his goal without hindrance. 
The other trick was somewhat more spectacular and almost as effective. 
Two players would swim side by side, one holding the ball. When 
about six feet from the goal the one in possession of the ball would 
jump on the other's shoulder and make a flying leap at the goal. The 
trick worked well with the Knickerbocker team and earned them 
several goals in the championship matches at Boston and New York. 
No doubt as the game progresses several other new tricks will be in- 
vented, and in the course of a few years more, nothing but the most 
scientific play will be seen in the championship matches. 

HOW TO THROW THE BALL 

¥ 
As may be easily imagined, ability to throw the ball and pass it 
iccurately only comes with practice, and no amount of description 



24 SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

will assist a feeble player. A few hints as to the various methods 
may, however, be useful. 

If, when 11 -ling the breast stroke, the player wishes to pass the ball 
back, the hand should be jdaced under it and the arm cpiickly laisetl^ 
As soon as tlie arm is al)Ove the surface, it is thrown over the head 
rapidly, and the ball forced to travel high or low, according to the 
distance and direction in which it is required to l)e sent. Either 
hand can be used, but it is always best to throw with the arm which 
is farthest away from the nearest opponent. When throwing, a stroke 
M'ith the legs should be taken, and the disengaged arm forced down- 
wards, to stop the slip given to the body by the throw. If this be done 
well, it will enable the player to apply more force to the throw or pass. 

The throw from the shoulder or side of the head is a very old plan, 
and is generally used when a deliberate shot can be taken. The ball 
is picked up and carried to the shoulder, being somewhat after the 
fashion of a shot-put in athletic competitions. It is rested against 
the side of the head for accuracy of aim and the better send-off that 
is obtainable, and is then sent forward with as much force as possible. 
The legs and disengaged hand are driven down rapidly in the water, 
and the body shot forward as the aim is taken. 

Another breast-stroke pass is that from side to side with either 
hand when outstretched. The hand is turned with the palm outward, 
and placed under the ball, which is at once lifted out. This is a 
valuable pass when pressed, especially if it can be done with right or 
left hand. 

The pass, when swimming on the side, is managed by placing the 
hand under the ball. In this position it can be thrown straight back, 
and, with practice to the blind side of the body as well as out to the 
other side. To pass to the blind side, the arm, when it raises with 
the ball, must be rapidly forced over the body, and the impetus to the 
ball given from the lower jiart of the forearm, wrist and hand. 
Many players can perform this difficult pass so accurately as to know 
almost exactly in what part of the tank the ball will fall. 

There is plenty of scope for a back-swimmer at water polo, espe- 
cially when long shots are required. The body is thrown back, and 
the arm outstretched. As the legs are closed, the arm shoots for- 
ward, and the ball is driven at a great pace. 



Spalding's athletic library. 25 

As before stated, the " Trudgeon " stroke offers tbe best opportuni- 
ties for a brilliant ^vater polo player. The over-arm pass can be done 
with either hand, and the ball placed without the player having to 
turn round for aim. The arms are so placed that the pass out to 
right or left can be accomplished instantly, and the disengaged arm 
and legs used to maintain steadiness. With the " Trudgeon" stroke 
the ball may be punted rapidly up or across the path, the player at 
the same time being free from tackling, because in punting the balls 
driven forward by either hand, as the player swims, and is not held. 
This stroke is again of essential service in dribbling, which is accom- 
plished by allowing the ball to get between the arms. 1 hen, as the 
swimmer progresses, the ball goes with him, it hitting hrst one arm 
and then the other, or the chin, but not getting out from between the 



arms. , . , 

There are manv other little points of the game which come natur- 
ally after a time. The sending out of play into touch, if we may use 
the term, is sometimes of use, although it requires judgment. 

THE REFEREE 

¥ 

If there be one thing more than another that causes disputes 
amongst clubs, it is the appointment of inethcient referees. A referee 
should be cool and impartial, of known capability, and thoroughly 
self-cont^dent. Unless he be the latter he is not of much use, as his 
decisions will be given with hesitation, and generally objected to. 

A referee should first of all satisfy himself that the ball is of the 
proper si/e. He should then check the depth of water, and measure 
the length and width of the tank, taking care that half distance is 
marked by some visible object. 

After this he should ascertain that the captains have agreed on all 
preliminaries, if not, give a decision as the rules allow h,m to do. 
Particular care should be taken by him that the officials are m then- 
places. Before starting the game he should be careful to have a 
proper timekeeper who is thoroughly conversant with the rules. If 



26 Spalding's athletic library. 

possible, one side of the tank should be clear, so as to permit the 
referee to follow the game from one end of the course to the other. 

The absolute control of the game should be in the hands of the 
referee. All cases of misconduct by players should be immediately 
penalized. 

The following lines for referees may be of service : 

[a) A thorough acquaintance with the rules relating to fouls is 
absolutely necessai-y, and in awarding fouls there must be no inde- 
cision whatever. 

(^) When once a decision has been given, do not allow any player 
or spectator to question your ruling. 

(c) When a ball goes out of play the last player that it touches 
must be deemed as having sent it out of play. 

((/) Be par'icularly stringent with regard to wilful fouls. Only 
caution the players once and then enforce the penalty. 



e£^ 



SPALDING S ATULF.Tir LIBRARY 



AMERICAN RULES OF WATER POLO 

¥ 

In the preceding pages the writer has sought to give a brief but 
comprehensive history of the game of water polo, following that with 
a description of the customary methods of play adopted by the best 
players throughout the world, all of which will be found to be very 
valuable advice to those who aspire to become good players; however. 
as the new rules just adopted by the Amateur Athletic Union are 
somewhat different from the English and Scotch rules, as well as a 
decided improvement over the previous American rules, under which 
all contests heretofore have been decided, we herewith append the 
revised rules, feeling sure that, as previously stated, the advice given 
as to the best methods of play in the various positions, will apply 
very well for all future games played by amateur swimmers in this 
country under these rules: 

1. The ball shall be the regulation white rubber Association Foot 
Ball, No. 3, not less than 8 inches nor more than 9 inches in diameter. 

2. The goals shall be spaces 4 feet long and 12 inches wide, marked 
" Goal " in large letters. One shall be placed at either end of the 
tank, 18 inches above the water line, equally distant from either side. 

3. To score a goal the goal must be touched by the ball in the hand 
of an opposing player, and the greatest number of goals shall count 
game. 

4. The ball shall always be kept on or as near the surface of the 
water as possible, and shall never be intentionally carried under 
water. No goal shall be allowed when scored by under-water play. 

5. The contesting teams shall consist of six a side, with one reserve 
man, who can take the place of one of his side in case of disable- 
ment only and receive prize if on winning side. 

6. Time of play shall be eight (S) minutes actual play each way, 
and five (5) minutes rest at half time. 



SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

7. The captains shall he playing memhers of teams they represent, 
and shall toss for choice of ends of tank. The ends shall he changed 
at half time. 

8. The Referee shall throw the ball in the centre of the tank, and 
the start for the ball shall be made only at the sound of the whistle. 

9. The ball going out of the tank, it shall be returned to the place 
it was thrown from, and given to the opposing team. 

10. No player is allowed to interfere with an opponent unless such 
opponent is in actual contact with the ball, or within 4 feet of it. 

11. A mark shall be made 4 feet from each goal on the side of the 
tank and a line drawn across. No player shall come within his oppo- 
nent's goal line until the ball is put in play within it. 

The goal-keepers of the side are alone exempt from this rule. 

It shall be an off-side play to cross the line ahead of the ball, and 
it shall be within the power of the referee to decide in such' case 
whether the goal be fairly made or not. 

12. Upon a goal being gained, the opposite teams shall go to their 
own end of the tank and the ball shall be thrown by the referee into 
the centre on play being resumed, but time so occupied shall not be 
counted as in time of play. 

13. Each team shall have two judges, one at each goal line, who, 
upon goal being made, shall notify the referee, who shall blow a 
whistle and announce the same. In case the goal judges disagree 
the referee shall decide whether a goal be fairly made or not. 

14. The referee shall decide all fouls, and if, in his opinion, a 
player commits a foul, he shall caution the team for the f^rst offence, 
and for the second the player making it shall be ordered out of the 
water, remaining out until a goal has been scored. 

15. The time occupied by disputes shall not be reckoned as in the 
time of play. 

16. When the ball is within the goal line, the goal-keepers shall 
not be allowed any artificial support other than the bottom of the 
tank. 

17. Fouls— It shall be a foul to tackle an opponent if he does not 
hold the ball, or is not within four feet of it. It shall be a foul to 
hold a player by any part of his costume. Unnecessarily rough play 
shall, within the discrimination of the referee, be considered a foul. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
It shall be a foul .o pu.h off from ends or sides of tank, or to touch 
them except for the purpose of resting. 

,8 In case of a foul: After the team makmg the '°"' l^"/"" 

!■' d hv the referee if the same team shall again offend, the 

::;::::!; nstnt'eam by givmg . goal to the opposing Sid. 

;; The officials shall consist of one referee, two tunekeepers, fcu= 

goal judges, and one scorer. 



^ 



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Gray trimmed Red; Navy trimmed White ; Navy trimmed Red.' 

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Ki.e quality two piece Worsted Suit fashioned. Trimmed Shirt 

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stripes around sleeve and bottom of shirt and pants. 

Sizes 28 to 44. 

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Essig's Swimming Jackets 
and Collars 

The Large Jacket Will Float Any Size Person. 
The covering for these jackets and coUars is a 
close woven canvas. The stuffing is the best quality 
ground cork. After the jacket and collars are prop- 
erly stuffed they are put through a process of water- 
proofing. They will not soak up water as an ordi- 
nary life preserver, but will always remain buoyant. 
An invaluable device for learning to swim. 
No. I. Jacket for Adults, weight, 

2 3-4 lbs. . . . Each, I2.00 
No. 2. Jacket for Children, 

weight, I 1-2 lbs., $1.75 
No. 3. Collars for Adults 

or Children. . $1.00 



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and Collars 

Made of the best quality rubber and fitted with 

valve for inflating. 
No. iP. Jacket for Adults. . Each, $5-oo 
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No. 15. Collars, all sizes. 



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The Spalding Mushroom m 

Patented 

In this bat a principle has been utilized which 
makes a bat of the same weight many times 
more effective than the ordinary style under 
certain conditions, and as an all-around bat we 
have received many letters from prominent 
players testifying to the good points of its con- 
struction. Timber is the same as that used in 
our best "Autograph" bats. The knob arrange- 
ment at the end enables us to get a more even 
distribution of weight than is possible under 
the old construction, and for certain kinds of 
play the bat is practically invaluable. 

The Spalding Mushroom Bat. Each, $1.00 

For a long time I have been trying to find a bat that 
would balance when choking. Not until I used the Mush- 
room Bat, invented by Jack Pickett, have I found a bat 
that was up to my idea. This bat is used exclusively by 
the New York players. Yours truly, 

JOHN J. McGRAW, 
Manager New York B. B. Club. 
In all my experience as a base hall player I have not 
found a more satisfactory base ball bat than the Spalding 
Mushroom Bat. The timber is the best I have seen; the 
balance and model of the bat are perfect. 

Yours truly. JAMES J. CALLAHAN, 

Manager-Captain Chicago American League Club. 
I have played professional base ball for the last fifteen 
years and have tried all kinds of bats, but no bat has 
given me such good service as the Spalding Mushroom Bat, 
introduced by Jack Pickett. Quality and balance are per- 
fect. Yours truly, WM. GLEASON, 

Captain Philadelphia National League B. B. Club. 
The Spalding Mushroom Bat, introduced by Jack Pickett, 
receives my hearty endorsement. My experience as a ball 
player enables me to thoroughly appreciate its good quali- 
ties. Yours truly, CHAS. A. COMISKEY, 

President Chicago American League Club. 
In all of our experience as base ball players we have 
not found a bat more satisfactory than the Spalding Mush- 
room Bat, introduced bv Jack Pickett. 
JAS F. SLAGLE, D. JONES, J. MCCARTHY, 

J. KLING, .JOHN EVERS, DR. J. P. CASEY, 

F. L. CHANCE, JOE TINKER, 

Of Chicago National League Club. 



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With cane handle, 50 cents extra 




The Spalding Championship Tennis Ball 

The quality of this ball is absolutely best. It is as near perfect as it 
is possible to turn out a manufactured article, and, as with every- 
thing' else on which we place our trade-mark, there is a positive guar- 
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Perfect Inflation. Perfect Covering. Perfect Sewing'. 

No. 00. The Spalding Championship Tennis Ball. Per dozen, $i.00 

Spalding's Tournament Tennis Ball 

Is the equal of any of the so-called championship balls made up by 
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No. I . Per pair, 75c. 

Made of one piece of solid maple, 
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Single Trapeze 

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(4 



Physical Training Simplified" 

..SERIES.. 




By PROF. EDWARD B. WARMAN 



^-"T of .. i^z^s^-!^:^^r^r^Ci. 

■;°!f"lThe Vote"- o- to Train It, How to 
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personate. 

A Complete Course of Physical Training 
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both sexes. Price lo cents. 

No i66-Spalding's Athletic Library. In- 
dian Club Exercises. Price lo cents. 

AT t8c Smldina's Athletic Library. 
T-TkalthInfluenc'ed by underwear; 

Se\lT jrNELU^ENCED BY 1NSU,.TI0. , HeAXTH 

Influenced by Color; Exercise- who 
Needs Ij? Price lo cents. 

These books form a complete course 
desire a perfect body. 



Sl BROS. 



A C. SPALDING 

Baltimore S," „i. 

Minneapolis ^ ^ Denver 

London, England 



San Francisco 
Kansas City 
Montreal, Can, 



spalding's 
Athletic Library 



Spalding's Athletic Library is devoted to all athletic 
sports and pastimes, indoor and outdoor, and is the 
recognized American cyclopedia of sports. Each book 
is complete in itself; and those sports that are governed 
by National Associations always designate Spalding's 
Athletic Library as the official publication. This gives 
to each book the official authority to contain the rules. 
Each year the books are brought up-to-date, with the 
latest rules, new ideas, new pictures, and valuable 
information, thus making the series the most valuable of 
its kind in the world. The price, lo cents per copy, 
places them in the reach of all, and no one's library 
can be complete unless all numbers are found therein. 




ATHLETIC/^LIBRARY M 




No. 12. Association Foot Ball. 

Contains valuable information, diagram of play, and rules. 
10 cents. 



Price 



tion 
Pric 



How to Play Hand Ball. 

Bv the world's champion, Michael Egan of Jersey 
Citv This book has been rewritten and brought up 
to date in every particular. Every move is thoroughly 
explained. The numerous illustrations consist of full 
pages made from photographs of Champion Egan, 
showing him in all his characteristic attitudes when 
nlavinii These pictures were made exclusive y tor 
This book and cannot be found in any other publica- 
This is undoubtedly the best work on hand ball ever published, 
e lo cents. 




No. 14. Curling. 

Rules, regulations and diagrams of play. Price lO cents. 



No. 16. 



How to Become a Skater. 

By Geo D. Phillips, for years the American cham- 
pion. Contains chapter for boys and advice for 
beginners ; how to become a figure skater thoroughly 
explained, with many diagrams showing how to do 
all the different tricks of the best figure skaters, 
including the Mohawk, with all its variations; C^ s, 
.^ . . « . forward and backward, inside and outside; the cross- 
ruts including the difficult Swedish style ; inside and outside spins ; 
he gr pevine' with its numerous branches, and many other styles. 
Which will be comparatively simple to any one who follows the direc 
lions given. Price lo cents. 




No. 23. Canoeing. 

By C. Bowyer Vaux 
and their uses. Price lo cents. 



Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing canoes 




No. 27. College Athletics. 

M C Murphy, the well-known athletic 
trainer, now with Yale University, the author 
of this book, has written it especially for the 
schoolboy and college man, but it is invaluable 
for the athlete who wishes to excel in any branch 
of athletic sport. Price lo cents. 



ATHLETIC 





LIBRARY ^ 




No. 29. 



No. 40. 



Exercising With Pulley Weights. 

By Dr. Henry S. Anderson. In conjunction 
with a chest machine anyone with this boolc can 
become perfectly developed. Contains all the 
various movements necessary to become proficient 
and of well-developed physique. Thoroughly 
explained and illustrated with numerous drawings. 
Price lo cents. 

No. 39. Lawn Bowls. 

The ancient game, which has achieved 
considerable popularity in America, is fully 
described by Henry Chadwick. Contains 
an account of the introduction of the game 
in America and the official rules as promul- 
gated by the Scottish Bowling Association. 
Price lo cents. 
Archery. 

By T' S. Mitchel. An introductory chapter on 
the use of the bow and arrow ; archery of the 
present day ; the bow and how to use it, with 
practical illustrations on the right and wrong 
method of aiming. Price lo cents. 

No. 55. Official Sporting Rules. 

Contains rules for the government of many sports not found in 
other publications ; wrestling, cross-country running, shuffleboard, 
skating, snowshoeing, quoits, potato racing, professional racing, 
racquets, pigeon flying, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting. 
Price lO cents. 

No. 66. Technical Terms of Base 

Ball. 
Compiled by Henry Chadwick, the 
"Father of Base Ball." It is one of 
the most useful and instructive works 
ever issued by the veteran writer. It is 
valuable not only to the novice but also 
to the expert. Price lo cents. 
The Athletic Primer. 
Edited by J. P2. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
of the Amateur Athletic Union ; tells how to or- 
ganize an athletic club, how to conduct an athletic 
meeting, and gives rules for the government of 
athletic meetings ; contents also include a very 
instructive article on training ; fully illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 






ATHLETIC ^^iXlBRARY 




No. 102. Ground Tumbling. , ■ i j- ,^r- 

Rv Prof Henry Walter Worth, who was for years physical director 

become a proticieni tumbler. Price lo cents. 

No. 104. The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises. 

town, Ohio. It ^% ^, ''°°'" '" p A „„],ool club, college, etc. It 

Price lo cents. 

No. 124. How to Become a Gymnast. 

By Robert StoU, of the New York A. C, the 
American champion on the flying rings from ] 885 
Vo 1892. Any boy who frequents a gymnasium 
or ^^?o lias a horizontal bar or parallel bars at his 
command, can easily follow the illustrations and 
instructions in this book and with a little practice 
become proficient. Price 10 cents. 

No. 126. Ice Hockey and Ice Polo. r.n.H. 

^^ Written by tlie most famous player in Canada, 

A Farrell, of the Shamrock hockey team of Mon- 
freal It is well worth perusal by any player of 
the game. It contains a complete description o 
t e game of hockey, its origin, points of a good 
p ayfr, and a complete and instructive article on 
>« how the game is played, with diagrams and the 

Official rules. Illustrated witt pictures of leading teams. I nee 10 

cents. 





Wo. 128. 




How to Row. ^ , 

By E. T. Giannini, of the New York A. C, and one 
of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- 
^ons This book will instruct -^Y--. ^ ^ ;^^j J ^^ ^3 
of rowing how to become an expert. ^^ is fully iHus 
trated showing how to hold the oars, the finish of the 
stroke and other information that will prove valuable to 
the beginner. Price 10 cents. 

, No. 129. Water Polo. ^. 1 a r 

jr^^SmL=il} ^ Sundstrom, instructor at the New \ ork A. C. 

-^^^ It uL^ of everydetail, the individual -orkof the p^^ 
t ers The practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with 
' many illustrations and valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 






ATHLETIC^C^LIBRARY 






No. 135. Official Handbook of the A.A.U. of the United States. 

The A. A. U. is the governing body of ath- 
letes in the United States of America, and all 
games must be held under its rules, which are 
exclusively published in this handbook, and a 
copy should be in the hands of every athlete 
and every club officer in America. This book 
contains the official rules for running, jump- 
ing, weight throwing, hurdling, pole vaulting, 
swimming, boxing, wrestling, etc., and is an 
encyclopedia in itself. Price lo cents. 

No. 136. Official Y. M. C. A. Handbook. 

Edited by G. T. Ilepbron, the well-known athletic 
authority. It contains the official rules governing all 
sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., a 
complete report of the physical directors' conference, 
official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, 
many pictures of the leading Y. M. C. A. athletes of 
the country, and official Y. M. C. A. athletic rules. 
Price lo cents. 

No. 138. Official Croquet Guide. 

Contains the official rules of the game, directions for playing and 
diagrams of important strokes. Price lo cents. 

No. 140. Wrestling. 

Catch as catch can style. By E. H. Hitchcock, M. D., and R. F. 
Nelligan, of Amherst College. The book contains illustrations of 
the different holds, photographed especially so that anybody who de- 
sires to become expert in wrestling can with little effort learn every 
one. Price lo cents. 

No. 142. Physical Training Simplified. 

By Prof E. B. Warman, the well-known physical culture expert, is 
a complete, thorough and practical book where the N^hole man is 
considered — brain and body. By following the instructions no appa- 
ratus is required to make the perfect body. The book is adapted for 
both sexes. Fully illustrated. Price lo cents. 



No. 143. Indian Clubs and Dumb-Bells. 

Two of the most popular forms of home or gym- 
nasium exercise. This book is written by America's 
amateur champion club swinger, J. H. Dougherty. 
It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can be- 
come an expert. Price lo cents. 





ATHLETIC 





No. 149. The Care of the Body. 

A book that all who value health should read and follow its instruc- 
tions. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Price lo cents. 

No. 152. Table Tennis. 

The contents include the official rules and illustrations of the 
various strokes, posed by experts. Price lo cents. 

No. 154. Field Hockey. 

To those in need of vigorous and health- 
ful out-of-doors exercise, this game is 
recommended highly. Its healthful attri- 
butes are manifold and the interest of 
player and spectator alike is kept active 
throughout the progress of the game. 
Can be played by either sex and occupies a 

prominent place in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn 

Mavvr and other leading colleges. Price lo cents. 

No. 156. The Athlete's Guide. 

How to become an athlete. It contains full in- 
structions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, 
hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on 
training; in fact, this book is one of the most com- 
plete on the subject that has ever appeared. Special 
chapters contain valuable advice to beginners, and 
important A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
while the pictures comprise many exclusive scenes 
showing champions in action. Price lo cents. 

No. 157. How to Play Lawn Tennis. 

A complete description of lawn tennis is 
found in this book; a history of the game; 
a lesson for beginners and directions telling 
how to make every important stroke; how 
to lay out a tennis court; illustrated from 
photographs of leading players in action. 
Price lo cents. 

No. 158. Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. 

Without question one of the best bocks of its kind ever publishea. 
Compiled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well-known Y. M. C. A. phy- 
sical director. It is a book that will prove valuable to indoor and 
outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are 
a number to be amused. The book contains over loo games. Price 
lo cents. 






ATHLETIC 




LIBRARY 





No. 162. 




No. 161. Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men. 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of phy- 
sical training in the New York public schools. Anyone 
who is looking for a concise and complete course of 
physical education at home would do well to procure a 
copy of this book. There will be no necessity for any- 
one to apply for advice in order to become healthy and 
athletic. Ten minutes' work as directed is exercise any- 
one can follow. It already has had a large sale and has 
been highly commended by all who have followed its instructions. 
Price lo cents. 

How to Become a Boxer. 

For many years books have been issued on tha 
art of boxing, but it has remained for us to ar- 
range a book that we think is sure to fill all de- 
mands. It contains over 70 pages of illustrations 
showing all the latest blows, posed especially for 
this book under the supervision of one of the best 
instructors of boxing in the United States, who 
makes a specialty of teaching and who knows how 
to impart his knowledge. They are so arranged that any two boys 
can easily become proficient boxers. The book also contains photo- 
graphs of all the leading American boxeis, and ofhcial rules. No 
boy should neglect to possess this book. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165. The Art of Fencing. 

Full instructions are given, with illustra- 
tions, for becoming proficient with the foils. 
Any boy can learn to become expert by 
carefully studying this book. Price 10 
cents. 



No. 166. How to Swing Indian Clubs. 

By Prof. E, B. Warman, the well-known exponent of 
physical culture. The most complete work on this 
special subject ever issued. By following the diagrams 
carefully anyone can become an expert club swinger in a 
short time, as the diagrams are very plainly and intelli- 
gently drawn. Price 10 cents. 
No. 167. Quoits. 

By M. W. Deshong. The need of a book 
on this interesting game has been felt by many 
who wished to know the fine points and tricks 
used by the experts. Mr. Deshong explains 
them, with illustrations, so that a novice can 
readily understand. Price 10 cents. 







^LIBRARY 




No. 170. Push Ball. 

Played with an air-inflated ball 6 feet in 
diameter, weighing about 50 pounds. A side 
consists of eleven men. The game has met 
with instant favor, and now no school or 
athletic club ^s complete without one. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 171. Basket Ball for Women. 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith 
College. Contains valuable information, spe- 
cial articles, official rules, and photos of teams 
of leading women's colleges and high schools, 
"rice 10 cents. 

How to Play Base Ba!J. 

Edited by T. II. Murnane. The editor has obtained 
from such well-known players as Lajoie, Kittridge, 
Clarke, Cy Young, Willis, Callahan, Doyle, and other 
equally prominent players, special articles telling just 
how they play their respective positions. Over 50 
full-page pictures of prominent players in action are 
shown, and accurate photographs showing how to hold the fingers for 
the various curves and drops. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174. Distance and Cross Country Running. 
By George Orton, the famous University of Penn- 
sylvania runner. Tells how to become proficient 
in these specialties, gives instructions for train- 
ing, and is illustrated with many full-page pictures. 
Price 10 cents. 
Official intercollegiate A. A. Handbook. 

Contains official rules that govern intercollegiate 
events and all intercollegiate records records from 1876. 
Any boy who expects to go to college and try for the 
a,thletic team should be familar with these records. 
Price 10 cents. 
How to Swim. 

By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authority on swim- 
ming in America. The instructions will interest the 
expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were 
made from photographs especially posed, showing 
the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the 
series of "land drill" exercises for the beginner, 
which is illustrated by numerous drawings. Price 
10 cents. 







^LIBRARY RSME 




PHp; ATHLETIC 

r^'o. 178. How to Train for Bicycling. 

Gives methods of the best riders when train- 
\\\Q for long or short distance races; hints on 
training. Revised and up-to-date in every particu- 
lar. Price lo cents. 




Mo. 179. How to Play Golf. 

No golfer should miss having a copy 
of this golf guide. The photographic 
interview Avith James Braid, open cham- 
pion of England, is well worth perusal. 
Harry Vardon tells how to play the 
game, with lifelike illustrations show- 
ing the different strokes. The book 
also contains the revised official rules, 
as well as pictures of many important players, and a directory giving 
name, address, membership, dues and length of course of golf clubs 
in the United States. Price lo cents. 




No. 180. Ring Hockey. 

A new game for the gymnasium, invented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of 
Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into instant popularity ; as 
as exciting as basket ball Price lo cents. 



No. 181. Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. 

Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new 
rules as recommended by the Rules Committee, 
with diagram of field as newly arranged ; special 
chapters on the game, Foot Ball for the Spectator, 
, All-America Teams. Middle West Foot Ball, Foot 
Ball West of Mississippi River, Southern Foot 
Ball, Southwestern Foot Ball, Canadian Foot Ball, 
records of teams, details of principal changes in rules, and pictures of 
all the prominent teams, embracing nearly 3,000 players. Price lo cents. 




No. 182. All Around Athletics. 




Gives in full the method of scoring the Ail-Around 
Championships, giving percentage tables showing what 
each man receives for each performance in each of the 
ten events. It contains as well instructive articles on 
how to train for the All-Around Championship. Illus- 
trated with many pictures of champions in action and 
scenes at all-around meets. Price 10 cents. 




ATHLETIC 




LIBRARY 






183. How to Play Foot Ball. 

By Walter Camp. The contents embrace 
everything that a beginner wants to know 
and many points that an expert will be glad 
to learn. Quarterback is described by 
deSaulles, the famous Yale player ; how to 
give signals is explained by Rockwell and 
Hogan of the Yale team, who show with 
many diagrams how the big teams make 
their sensational plays; Lewis, the well-known Harvard player gives 
instructions in the methods of defence, and William T. Reid, the 
former Harvard fullback, tells of the duties of the backs. The pic- 
tures are made from snapshots of the Yale, Harvard and Princeton 
teams in action. Price lo cents. 

No. 184. Official Basket Ball Guide. 

Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the 
revised official rules for 1904, decisions on dis- 
puted points, records of prominent teams, reports 
on the game from various parts of the country, 
and pictures of hundreds of players. The stand- 
ard basket ball annual of the country. Price lo 
cents. 
No. 185. Health Hints. 

Health influenced by insulation ; health influenced by underwear ; 
health influenced by color; exercise, who needs it? A series of 
articles by Prof. E. B. Warman, the well known lecturer and authority 
on physical culture. Price 10 cents. 

No. 186. How to Become a Bowler. 

By S. Karpf, Secretary of the American Bowling 
Congress, and one of the best posted men on bowling 
in America. A complete history of bowling 
make an alley, hints for women bowlers, 
rules ; illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 187. How to Play Roller Polo. 

Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game 
rules ; pictures of teams ; other articles of interest. Price 10 cents. 
No. 188. Lawn Hockey, Tether Tennis, Golf Croquet, Volley 
Ball, Hand Tennis, Etc. 
Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 189. Rules for Games. 

Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, director of physical training, de- 
partment of education, New York City. Borough of Brooklyn. Ar 
ranged especially for school use and adapted to large classes as well 
as a few. Price 10 cents. 




how to 
official 



official 




LIBRARY ^ 

'^6 





Ko. 190. Official Athletic Almanac. 

Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
of the Amateur Athletic Union. It is the only 
annual publication issued now that contains a 
complete list of amateur best-on-records ; com- 
plete intercollegiate records ; complete English 
records from 1866 ; swimming records ; inter- 
scholastic records ; Irish, Scotch and Australasian 
records ; reports of leading athletic meets in IQ03; 
skating records ; important athletic events in 1903, 
and numerous photos of individual athletes and leading athletic 
teams. Price 10 cents. 
No. 191. How to Punch the Bag. 

By W. H. Rothvvell ("Young Corbett"), champion 
featliervveight of the world. This book is undoubtedly 
the best treatise on bag punching that has ever been 
printed. Every variety of blow used in training is 
shown and explained. The pictures comprise thirty- 
three full page reproductions of Young Corbett as he 
A . '< B^ appears while at work in his training quarters. The 
V^ -iJ -^ photographs were taken by our special artist and 

cannot be seen in any other publication than Spalding's Athletic 
Library No, igi. Fancy bag punching is treated by W. Y . Keller, a 
well known theatrical bag puncher, who shows the latest tricks in 
fancy work. For those who wish to beco.-ne expert bag punchers 
this book is invaluable. Price 10 cents. 
No. 192. Indoor Base Ball. 

America's national game is now vieing with 
other indoor games as a winter pastime. This 
book contains the playing rules, pictures of 
leading teams, and interesting articles on the 
game. M. S. Walker, of the West Division 
H. S . Chicago, contributes an article on the 
benefits of the game for women. Price lo 
cents. 
Play Basket Ball. 

By G. T. Hepbron, editor of the Official Basket 
Ball Guide. Contains full instructions for play- 
ers, both for the expert and the novice, duties of 
officials, and specially posed full page pictures 
showing the correct and incorrect methods of 
playing. The demand for a book of this charac- 
ter is fully satisfied in this publication, as many 
points are included which could not be incorpor- 
ated in the annual publication of the Basket Ball 
Guide for want of room. Price 10 cents. 





LIBRARY K 




No. 194. Racquets, Squash-Racquets and Court Tennis. 

The need of an authoritative handbook 
at a popular price on these games is filled 
by this book. How to play each game is 
thoroughly explained, and all the difficult 
strokes shown by special photographs 
taken especially for this book. Contains 
also the official rules. Price lo cents. 




No. 196. 



No. 195. Official Roque Guide. 

The official publication of the National Roque 
Association of America. Edited by Prof. Charles 
Jacobus, ex-champion. Contains a description of the 
courts and their construction, diagrams of the field, 
illustrations, rules and valuable information concern- 
ing the game of roque. Price lo cents. 

Official Base Ball Guide. 

Edited by Henry Chadwick, the 
♦* Father of Base Ball," the official 
publication of bi:se ball. It contains 
, a complete record of all leagues in 
America, pictures of the champion 
teams, official rules and reviews of 
the game ; interesting information. 
It is the standard base ball annual 
cents. 




No. 197, 



Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual 

Contains official statistics, photographs 
of leading players, special articles on the 
game, review of important tournaments, 
official rules, handicapping rules and tables; 
''st of fixtures for the current year and 
other valuable information. Price lo cents. 



198, Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. 




Edited by Jerome Flannery, formerly 
proprietor of Flannery's American Cricket 
Annual. Spalding's will be the most com- 
plete year book of the game that has ever 
been published in America It will contain 
all the records of the previous year, reports 
of special matches, official rules and pic- 
tures of all the leading teams and individual 
players. Price lo cents. 



MAY 1 7 190A 

ilAlHLETIC 





LIBRARY (' 




199. Equestrian Polo Guide. 

Compiled by H. L. FitzPatrick of the New 
York Sun Illustrated with portraits of leading 
players and contains much useful information for 
polo players in relation to playing the game, 
choosing of equipment, mounts, and the official 
rules. Price lo cents. 

No. 200. Dumb-bells. 

This is undoubtedly the best work on dumb- 
bells that has ever been offered. The author, 
Mr. G. Bojus, of New York City, was for- 
merly superintendent of physical culture in 
the Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, instructor 
at Columbia University, and instructor for 
four years at the Columbia summer school, 
and is now with the Dr. Savage Normal In- 
stitute of Physical Training in New York City. 
The book contains 20o photographs of all the 
various exercises, posed under the direct supervision of Mr. Bojus, 
with the instructions on the opposite page in large, readable type. 
It should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical cul- 
ture in the country, and is written and illustrated so clearly that 
makes it invaluable for home exercise as well. Price lo cents. 




No. 



201. Lacrosse — From Candidate to Team. 

By William C. Schmeisser, captain Johns Hop- 
kins University champion intercollegiate lacrosse 
team of 1902 ; edited by Ronald T. Abercrombie, 
ex-captain and coach of Johns Hopkins Univer- 
sity lacrosse team, iqoo-1904. Every position is 
thoroughly explained in a most simple and concise 
manner, rendering it the best manual of the game 
ever published. Illustrated. Price to cents. 




New issues of Spalding's Athletic Library are constantly being published— 
some being revised and up-to-date numbers of the annual publications, others 
being entirely new books on subjects not touched upon by any other publication. 
Write for latest list of books. 

The publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library will be glad to answer inquiries 
on disputed points of play in athletic games, or will give any information desired— 
where possible— in regard to laying out grounds, equipping gymnasiums, etc. 
Address Spalding's Athletic Library, P. O. Box 611, New York. 



Spalding^s 
Home Library 

Devoted to Games and Amusements 
for the Home Circle. 



1 Chess 

2 Whist 

3 Dominoes and Dice 

4 Poker 

^ 5 Backgammoo 

6 Euchre 

7 Billiards 

8 Ecarte 

9 Checkers 
JO Be^ique 
n Pool 

12 Pinochle 

13 Lotto 

J 4 Hearts 

15 Reversi 



16 
J7 
18 
J9 
20 
2t 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 



Piqtiet 

Go-Bang 

Games of Patience 

Children's Games 

Cribbage 

Drawing Room Games 

Group of Card Games 

Children's Games 

Group of Card Games 

Drawing Room Games 

Group of Card Games 

Children's Games 

Skat 

Drawing Room Games 

Baccarat 



PRICE TEN CENTS PER COPY 



New York 
Boston 
5t. Louis 



^,!WWW,'^WMM WWWMI 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



Chicago Philadelphia 

Baltimore Buffalo 

Minneapolis Denver 
London, England 




This is a fac-simile of the grand prize awarded to A. G. Spalding & Bros, for the 
finest and most complete line of athletic goods exhibited at the Universal Expo- 
sition, Paris, 1900. We have brought this medal to America in competition with 
the leading makers of the world. It is the highest award given for any exhibit 
and is exclusively granted for the best goods in that particular class. 




Spalding's Athletic Goods were used exclusively in all the athletic events in the 
Stadium of the Pan-American Exposition in 1901. Spalding's Athletic Goods are 
standard of quality and officially recognized as such by the leading governing 

bodies. 

The Spalding Official League Base Ball, Intercollegiate Foot Ball, 

Gaelic Foot Ball, Association Foot Ball, Basket Ball, Indoor Base 

Ball, Polo Ball, Boxing Gloves, Athletic Implements. 



lRJa'05 



